Case link: Secondary liability – withdrawal – Rafferty [2007] EWCA Crim 1846

“The appeal… is concerned with the liability for murder or manslaughter of a secondary party who has withdrawn from the attack on the victim prior to its conclusion.”
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Case link: Joint enterprise – Rahman [2007] EWCA Crim 342

“The appeal is primarily concerned with joint enterprise in cases of homicide and, in particular, with the rule the effect of which is that a limited category of secondary parties will not be guilty of murder if the fatal act of the primary party was fundamentally different to that foreseen by the secondary party…
The principal [...]